DEGRADASI MORAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN AL-ARWAH AL- MUTAMARRIDAH KARYA KAHLIL GIBRAN

Abstract

Moral refers to the understanding of right and wrong based on religious teachings or specific cultural customs. Over time, moral values have experienced degradation. One indication of this moral decline is the violation of human rights. In Al-Arwah Al-Mutamarridah, Kahlil Gibran portrays various forms of human rights violations committed by the government, religious figures, and even members of society. This prompted the researcher to investigate this work. This study explores the forms of moral degradation and the worldview reflected in the short story collection Al-Arwah Al-Mutamarridah by Kahlil Gibran. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, using genetic structuralism theory as the analytical framework. Genetic structuralism posits that literary works reflect the real world. The data is drawn from the Arabic version of Al-Arwah Al-Mutamarridah, which consists of four short stories totaling 72 pages. The findings of this study are divided into two main aspects: the forms of moral degradation represented in social facts and the underlying worldview. The identified forms of moral degradation include human rights violations by the government against the people, by religious figures against the people, and among the people themselves. The worldview presented encompasses freedom in choosing a life partner, freedom in obtaining justice, existential freedom, social freedom, freedom in achieving prosperity, and behavioral freedom.