Kejahatan Lingkungan dalam Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Islam dan Nasional: Relevansi Konsep Hifdzul Bi’ah dalam Penanggulangan Pembakaran Liar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jaa.v1i2.722Keywords:
Hifdzul bi'ah, hukum lingkungan, pembakaran liarAbstract
Abstrak: Fenomena kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia yang terus berulang, termasuk pada 2023 dengan skala besar, menegaskan lemahnya kesadaran ekologis masyarakat serta kurang optimalnya penegakan hukum. Dalam perspektif Islam, konsep hifdzul bi’ah sebagai bagian dari maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah menekankan pentingnya perlindungan lingkungan sebagai amanah moral dan religius. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena pembakaran liar yang selalu terjadi dari setiap tahun menggunakan konsep hifzul bi’ah yang terkandung dalam maqshid syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) yang bersifat yuridi normatif, penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian literatur dan sumber hukum yang relevan untuk menelaah fenomena kebakaran hutan dan lahan dalam perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, khususnya konsep hifdzul -bī’ah (pemeliharaan lingkungan). Hasil kajian menunjukkan dua poin utama: pertama, kebakaran liar 2023 menimbulkan kerugian ekologis yang serius; kedua, transformasi konsep hifdzul bi’ah dapat dijadikan pijakan etis-normatif bagi kebijakan hukum lingkungan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dengan isu ekologis, sementara kontribusinya menghadirkan paradigma religius-ekologis bagi penguatan kesadaran dan regulasi lingkungan di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Hifzul bi’ah, hukum lingkungan, pembakaran liar
Abstrak: The recurring phenomenon of forest and land fires in Indonesia, including large-scale fires in 2023, highlights the weak ecological awareness of the community and the suboptimal enforcement of laws. From an Islamic perspective, the concept of hifdzul bi'ah as part of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah emphasizes the importance of environmental protection as a moral and religious mandate. This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of illegal burning that occurs every year using the concept of hifzul bi'ah contained in maqshid syariah. This study uses a qualitative approach with a normative juridical library research method. It focuses on reviewing relevant literature and legal sources to examine the phenomenon of forest and land fires from the perspective of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, particularly the concept of hifdzul-bī’ah (environmental preservation). The results of the study show two main points: first, the 2023 wildfires caused serious ecological damage; second, the transformation of the concept of hifdzul bi'ah can be used as an ethical-normative basis for environmental law policy. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah with ecological issues, while its contribution presents a religious-ecological paradigm for strengthening environmental awareness and regulation in Indonesia.
Keyword: Hifzul bi’ah, environmental law, illegal burning
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