Analisis Hukum Pidana Islam Terhadap Perundungan dalam Dunia Pendidikan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jaa.v2i2.975Keywords:
Perundungan, Dunia Pendidikan, Fiqh JinayahAbstract
Abstrak: Fenomena perundungan di dunia pendidikan Indonesia masih menjadi problem serius, baik dalam bentuk fisik, verbal, psikologis, maupun cyberbullying. Kasus-kasus yang tercatat oleh KPAI menunjukkan bahwa praktik ini bukan hanya merusak iklim belajar, tetapi juga berdampak pada martabat dan keselamatan jiwa peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan perundungan dalam perspektif fiqh jinayah serta merumuskan bentuk sanksi yang sesuai bagi pelaku, khususnya di lingkungan sekolah dan kampus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode normatif yuridis melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perundungan dapat dikategorikan sebagai jarimah ta‘zīr yang hukumannya ditentukan penguasa berdasarkan prinsip kemaslahatan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi fenomena sosial kontemporer dengan hukum pidana Islam. Kontribusinya adalah menawarkan paradigma hukum religius-humanis untuk pencegahan dan penanganan perundungan di lembaga pendidikan.
Kata Kunci: Fiqh jinayah, pendidikan, perundungan
Abstract: The phenomenon of bullying in Indonesian education remains a serious problem, whether physical, verbal, psychological, or cyberbullying. Cases recorded by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) show that this practice not only damages the learning environment, but also affects the dignity and safety of students. This study aims to analyze the position of bullying from the perspective of fiqh jinayah (Islamic criminal law) and formulate appropriate sanctions for perpetrators, especially in schools and campuses. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a normative-juridical method through a literature study. The results show that bullying can be categorized as a ta‘zīr crime, the punishment for which is determined by the authorities based on the principle of public interest. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of contemporary social phenomena with Islamic criminal law. Its contribution is to offer a religious-humanist legal paradigm for the prevention and handling of bullying in educational institutions.
Keyword: Criminal jurisprudence, education, bullying
References
Abdul Basir Mohamad. Undang-Undang Tort Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1966.
Abdul Qadir Audah. al-Tasyri‘ al-Jinā’i al-Islāmī. Kairo: Maktabah Dar al-Turath, 1999.
Abdullah, Nandiyah. “Meminimalisasi Bullying di Sekolah. Fakultas Psikologi.” Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 83, no. 2 (2022): 103–229. https://cakrawalaimiah.org/index.php/cakrawala/article/view/2337.
Ahmad Hanafi. Azas-Azas Hukum Pidana Islam. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 2000.
Ahmad Wardi Muslich. Hukum Pidana Islam. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2016.
Al-Mawardi. Al-Ahkâm Al-Sulthaniyah Wa Al-Wilâyat Al-Diniyyah. Mesir: Matba‘ah Musthafa al-Bâbî al-Halabi wa Auladuh, 1996.
Al-Munziri. Mukhtashar Shahîh Muslim. Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-Islâm, 1939.
Andi Prastowo. Bullying di Sekolah: Perspektif Pendidikan dan Hukum. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2020.
Arief Budiman. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Bullying di Lingkungan Sekolah.” JURNAL RECHTENS 9, no. 2 (30 Desember 2020): 153–68. https://doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v9i2.791.
Bataragung, Yannaufal Fadillan Tegar. “Tindakan Perundungan (Bullying) Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Islam,” 29 Oktober 2023. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wg87.
Dan Olweus. Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1993.
Demaray, Michelle Kilpatrick, dan Christine Kerres Malecki. “Perceptions of the Frequency and Importance of Social Support by Students Classified as Victims, Bullies, and Bully/Victims in an Urban Middle School.” School Psychology Review 32, no. 3 (1 September 2003): 471–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2003.12086213.
Hatta, Muhammad. “Tindakan Perundungan (Bullying) Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Islam.” MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 41, no. 2 (22 Januari 2018). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v41i2.488.
Hidayati, Nurul. “Bullying pada anak: Analisis dan alternatif solusi.” Jurnal Insan 14, no. 1 (2012): 41–48. http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/artikel 5-14-1.pdf.
Hinduja, Sameer, dan Justin W. Patchin. Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousan Oaks: Sage Publications, 2015.
Jalâl al-Dîn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Suyuthî. al-Asybâh wa al-Nazhâ’ir fî Qawâ‘id wa Furû‘ Fiqh al-Syâfi‘iyah. Kairo: Dâr al-Salâm, 2013.
Juhaya S. Praja. Hukum Islam: Sejarah, Teori, dan Praktek. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2011.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Budaya. Permendikbud No. 18 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengenalan Lingkungan Sekolah Bagi Peserta Didik Baru (2016).
Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008.
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). Laporan Tahunan Kasus Kekerasan terhadap Anak di Satuan Pendidikan. Jakarta: KPAI, 2021.
KPAI. “Stop Bulliying Di Satuan Pendidikan,” Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI).” kpai.go.id, 2024.
M. Abdul Aziz. “Relevansi Jarimah Ta‘zir dalam Konteks Kejahatan Modern.” Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 13, no. 1 (2019). https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/manahij/article/view/5470.
M. Nurul Irfan. Hukum Pidana Islam: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Amzah, 2018.
Maliki, Agnes Ebi, C.G. Asagwara, dan Julie E. Ibu. “Bullying Problems among School Children.” Journal of Human Ecology 25, no. 3 (24 Maret 2009): 209–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2009.11906157.
Mohd Al Adib Samuri, dan Noor Aziah Haji Mohd. Awal. “Hukuman Terhadap Pesalah Kanak-kanak Di Malaysia:Pencegahan Atau Pemulihan? (Punishment of Child Offenders in Malaysia: Deterrence or Rehabilitation?).” Jurnal Undang-Undang Dan Masyarakat 13 (2009): 35–54. http://www.ukm.my/juu/fuujurnal.
Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Muhammad Al-Syawkani. Irsyâd Al-Fuhul Ila Tahqîq Al-Haq Min ‘Ilm Al-Ushûl. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1999.
Muhammad Fadli. “Bullying dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam.” Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 15, no. 1 (2021): 65–78. https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/JKHI/article/view/10342.
Olweus, Dan. “Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35, no. 7 (7 Oktober 1994): 1171–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x.
Paizah Ismail. Undang-Undang Jenayah Islam. Petaling Jaya: Dewan Pustaka Islam, 1991.
Pemerintah Indonesia. UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindu Ngan Anak, Pub. L. No. 23 (2002).
Ramdhani, Neila. “Emosi Moral dan Empati pada Pelaku Perundungan-siber.” Jurnal Psikologi 43, no. 1 (8 November 2016): 66. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.12955.
Rigby, Ken, dan Phillip T. Slee. “Bullying among Australian School Children: Reported Behavior and Attitudes toward Victims.” The Journal of Social Psychology 131, no. 5 (1 Oktober 1991): 615–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1991.9924646.
Saad Abdul Rahman. Undang-Undang Jenayah Islam. Shah Alam: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1990.
Sayyid Sabiq. Fiqh Al-Sunnah. Jakarta: Pena Pundi Aksara, 2006.
Siti Nurjanah. “Dampak Bullying terhadap Psikologis Peserta Didik dan Upaya Penanganannya.” Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan 14, no. 2 (2018): 123–35. https://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/psikopedagogia/article/view/4082.
Surilena, Surilena. “Perilaku Bullying (Perundungan) pada Anak dan Remaja.” Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 43, no. 1 (2016): 35–38. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v43i1.9.
Syaukani. Nailu Al-Awtar. Beirut: Dâr al-Jail, 1944.
Trevi, Trevi, dan Winanti Siwi Respati. “Sikap Siswa Kelas X Smk Y Tangerang Terhadap Bullying.” Jurnal Psikologi Esa Unggul 10, no. 01 (2012). https://www.esaunggul.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/126253-ID-none.pdf.
UNESCO. Behind the Numbers: Ending School Violence and Bullying. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2019.
Wahbah al-Zuhaili. al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 1985.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Wildan Maulana, Syamsuri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
